Duck Curve Problem Formulation and Solving Strategies by Utilizing PVr, PEVs, Load Shifting and ANFIS for Greening Bangladesh

Md. Ariful Islam, Jai Govind Singh

Abstract


The installations of solar photovoltaics (PVs) in the distribution system, including rooftop photovoltaic (PVr) have been growing dramatically, which changes the shape of the daily demand profile in a way that makes it look like a duck. The duck curve is basically formed due to the huge unbalance of demand and high penetration of solar energy for a specific daytime period. This concern in the duck curve makes an outsized omission between the peak and off-peak and it leads to a recurrent ON and OFF of the thermal generators by escalating their start-up cost (SUC). As a solution, a considerable curtailment of solar energy from the existing system does not justify the installation cost of solar PV and its energy storage devices. This study is a futuristic case study for Bangladesh, where a high growth rate of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) (20-25%) and rooftop solar PV (8%) for decarbonization may lead the load profile becoming not only a duck shape but also an inevitable blackout. To address these outgrowths, this study utilized the combined contribution of PEVs (energized by Lithium-ion battery), solar PVr, load shifting and Time of Use (ToU) based electricity pricing. Using PEVs may add up the system’s total electrical load, but its optimal battery power management will give a smoother net load profile with better system stability. ToU based electricity pricing is a new electricity tariff standard for Bangladesh the new electricity tariff will encourage the consumer to be aware of using electricity properly, benefiting not only themselves but also the utility.

Keywords


duck curve; load shifting; plug-in electric vehicle (PEV); solar PV; ToU

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